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Reference meaning of words in human-dog communication
Stemmerová, Lucia ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Santariová, Milena (referee)
In recent twenty years dogs have become model subjects of comparing studies. These experiments show us that specific cognitive skills have developed during their domestication as an adaptation to anthropomorphic environment. For example dogs can follow human gaze and understand gestures. An important topic of today researches are linguistic skills of dogs. Knowledge from this area would help to discover more from evolution processes which formed human language. Last studies have proven dogs can distinguish a new object by a fast mapping. But when distinguishing two new objects, dogs had problems. That is why I decided to verify if dogs are able to remember two new words and match them with correct objects during one session. For this experiment I worked on a new methodical procedure and used three border collies dogs. The results showed that after some training dogs were able to correctly distinguish two new words in case the experimentalist stood in front of them and they used multisenzorial perception. In case they had only one communication source (visual or acoustic), they made more mistakes. The results show that functional reactions of dogs to human vocalization are getting better if they can use visual and acoustic source in one time during an interspecies communication. Key words: dog,...
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Natural communication with the horse and the possibility of interaction horses and humans
Volfová, Lenka ; Jančaříková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
TITLE: Natural communication with the horse and the possibilities of human - horse interaction AUTHOR: Bc. Lenka Volfová DEPARTMENT: Department of Biology and Enviromnental Studies (Katedra biologie a enviromnentálních studií) SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Kateřina Jančaříková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This thesis explores interspecies communication and, specifically, natural communication between the man and the horse. Through comparative research based on a programme developed by Ing. Josef Liška (Liška Solutions) for the assessment of the participant's personality, employing several exercises with a horse from the ground, the thesis aims at introducing ways in which horses can be used for the purposes of personal growth. For the purposes of this thesis, volunteers from three groups were assessed under this programme using the method of direct observation: teachers, business executives and people who work with animals. The assessment was carried out by marking down points and comments. On the basis of the results obtained, the above three groups were subsequently compared among one another. The research shows that teachers excelled in six out of seven observed personal competencies while, compared to business executives, there is still space for improvement in terms of their energy. The results shown in relation to the...
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Reference meaning of words in human-dog communication
Stemmerová, Lucia ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Santariová, Milena (referee)
In recent twenty years dogs have become model subjects of comparing studies. These experiments show us that specific cognitive skills have developed during their domestication as an adaptation to anthropomorphic environment. For example dogs can follow human gaze and understand gestures. An important topic of today researches are linguistic skills of dogs. Knowledge from this area would help to discover more from evolution processes which formed human language. Last studies have proven dogs can distinguish a new object by a fast mapping. But when distinguishing two new objects, dogs had problems. That is why I decided to verify if dogs are able to remember two new words and match them with correct objects during one session. For this experiment I worked on a new methodical procedure and used three border collies dogs. The results showed that after some training dogs were able to correctly distinguish two new words in case the experimentalist stood in front of them and they used multisenzorial perception. In case they had only one communication source (visual or acoustic), they made more mistakes. The results show that functional reactions of dogs to human vocalization are getting better if they can use visual and acoustic source in one time during an interspecies communication. Key words: dog,...
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Communication Skills of Apes with Humans
Valterová, Bára ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This work is a literature search on the ability of apes to communicate not only among themselves but especially with people. Its goal is to clear up the level of this communication ability as well as to discuss different ways how to teach apes such communication. The introduction deals with the systematics of the superfamily Hominoidea and the specific characteristics of its groups. Next part is about the level of the apes' intraspecific (ape-to-ape) communication and their ability of logical thinking. The main part of the work consists of a detailed study of particular experimental projects dedicated to the abilities of apes to communicate with humans. These projects were trying to teach apes to speak English (e.g. project Gua) or to teach them an artificial language (e.g. project Sarah) or to teach them American Sign Language for deaf-mute people (e.g. project Washoe). The studied projects show that at least some apes educated in captivity are able to understand spoken English and to actively use the sign language or a graphic symbol based language. They can use hundreds of signs in such languages, they are likely to use a simple grammar and they are able to put together sentences with more than three words. Moreover, they are able to create new terms on their own, to categorize and to use...
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Comparison of methods for developing communicative competence through 'activities with the use of horses'
VOTÍPKOVÁ, Martina
This thesis compares four methods of therapeutic riding to determine what communicative competence are developed in the framework of activities with the use of horses. The work includes terminology section, which are explained in terms accompanying the whole job and explains the term of use for therapeutic riding. The theoretical part introduces the social communications horses and interpersonal communication. The next section presents the specifics of interspecies communication, and its use in the development of communicative competence and follows the chapter on the development of communicative competence through activities with the use of horses. The main part describes the four methods of therapeutic riding and analytically compares the contents of individual activities with horses focused on the development of communicative competence. In conclusion summarizes the results and encourages the formation of methodology developing communicative competence in educational programs with horses.
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